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Los intercambiadores rotativos constan de una rueda accionada por un motor que la hace girar. Las corrientes de aire que circulan de forma axial a través de ella transfieren la energía en la misma, produciendo el intercambio térmico.
Por otro lado, los intercambiadores estáticos constan de unas placas plásticas o metálicas en las cuales los flujos de aire circulan por lados opuestos, produciéndose el intercambio térmico. Se pueden clasificar en intercambiadores de flujo cruzado y a contraflujo.
En nuestro caso, la aplicación para el sector doméstico y comercial suele utilizar intercambiadores estáticos, en concreto los intercambiadores a contraflujo, donde el rendimiento de los mismos aumenta considerablemente. Estos intercambiadores pueden ser de recuperación sensible o entálpica.
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Para la determinación de la eficiencia de los intercambiadores, se debe de realizar un balance de energía entre la corriente de aire extraída del local y la corriente de aire procedente del aire exterior.
De este proceso, el cociente entre el calor real intercambiado y el caudal máximo intercambiable (diferencia de calor entre la corriente extraída y la corriente de entrada).
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De forma simplificada, si nuestro intercambiador de calor es sensible, el calor intercambiado entre ambas corrientes se producirá entre las temperaturas secas de ellas:
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Por otro lado, el intercambiador entálpico, al intercambiar tanto temperatura como vapor de agua entre ambas corrientes, debemos de considerar ambas eficiencias en el sistema:
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En RENair asesoramos en la elección óptima del intercambiador de calor para su proyecto de ventilación.
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